What’s an Exit Strategy and why you need to have one in place

Exit Strategy is one of the most important element of your preliminary business plans (even though you wish that the need of executing these plans will not arise anytime soon). Exit Strategy (also known as an Exit Plan) is the line of action that you may choose in case the going gets too tough to continue. In simple words, it’s the easiest way out of a ruinous situation while incurring the least possible loss. You’ve got to have an exit strategy as a backup plan right from the start instead of waiting for some unfortunate situation to surface, since in most cases the upheaval will be too sudden to tackle on the spot.

Even if there’s no catastrophic situation, you can possibly have other reasons for disengaging from the business that you’ve started (when wrapping off everything is not an option). These reasons can be, you looking to go for another more lucrative venture, or you may be thinking of giving up work for some time, you may also need an exit strategy when planning to sell a running business and sellers are interested in knowing if there’s any exit strategy in place, in case the profits start to go down, putting up an exit strategy will cast positive impression on prospective buyers or investors.

People often make this mistake of ignoring the exit strategy and starting without having any backup plans. Some entrepreneurs are too optimistic to think that anything can go wrong with their business; others are confident that they’ll handle the situation, then and there. Nothing’s wrong with the optimism or confidence but it’s always harder to evaluate and tackle the situation once you are “in” it, the haste or pressure situation can get on your mind, resulting in an erroneous decision. Besides, having an exit strategy will only boost your confidence.

Put these two kinds of entrepreneurs side by side, one starts off without an exit strategy while the other one is having a solid exit plan. Who do you think will crumble more easily and more quickly as soon as the proceeding goes wrong? Quite obviously, the one who’s having an exit plan will immediately get to the task, while the other one will have to do the thinking from the scratch. More often than not, this thinking will eat into the grace period and result in a much bigger loss as compared to the loss incurred by the other fellow.

Source:
Sports Wholesale Suppliers & Distributors

Some standard export contracts and their significance

Export Contracts:
Buyers and sellers have to settle on issues like price, mode of payment, delivery of goods or the possession of goods in all types of sales and purchase. For example, when we go to the market and buy something, there is an understanding at work between both parties, because the payment and delivery of goods is made on the spot, we don't normally need a contract or agreement in this case.

Export and especially international export is not that simple. So many new factors come into play such as different currencies, mode of shipment or delivery time. Delivery takes time and somebody has to bear the risk and expenses of cargo, insurance, etc. Importers and exporters need to secure themselves and this sense of security comes from agreeing upon all the terms and conditions of trade. Both parties will sign on an agreement that states these provisions in detail. Normally export contracts have following sections.

i. Specifications & Signature of contracting parties
ii. Specifications of trading products
iii. Price & terms of payment
iv. Mode of shipment & Delivery period
v. Contract Validity

Following are some of the standard export contracts. These standards are known as "Incoterms", developed and published by "International Chamber of Commerce".

Free on Board:
Importer designates a board (ship) and exporter is responsible to deliver goods on the ship. Exporter has to bear all expenses except the insurance and cargo charges. FOB contract works only when maritime transportation is used as the mode of shipment.

Cost, Insurance and Freight (C.I.F):
Unlike F.O.B, the exporter has to arrange (and pay) for everything including shipment and insurance. In both types (F.O.B and C.I.F) delivery time is crucial and exporter is obliged to deliver the goods on the exact date that has been specified in the contract.

Ex works:
Seller's obligation ends when he makes the goods available at his place. Buyer arranges and pays for everything after that (clearance, transportation, etc).

Delivered Ex Ship:
Seller is responsible for delivering the goods to the port (advised by the buyer). Unlike F.O.B, where seller has to deliver the goods on the ship, in DES the seller has to bear the risk along with freight and insurance cost.

Free Carrier:
This "incoterm" is quite similar to F.O.B, but unlike F.O.B (that's just used for maritime transport), Free carrier (FCA) is used for all types of transport including air, by rail or road.

These are the ones mostly used in international trade; other types include "Cost and Freight", "Carriage paid to", "Delivered Ex QUAY" or "Delivered Duty Paid".

Source:
UK Wholesalers

Implications of the "Incoterms" in international import & export

Communication is crucial in international import & export, where both buyers and sellers are located a long way away, there’s every chance of misunderstanding in the interpretation of various terms used in contracts and agreements. These confusions and misapprehensions can cost one or both parties, dearly. What sounds pretty simple and straight-forward to a buyer sitting in United States, could turn out to be a perplexing one for the seller in China.

This problem continued to exist and resulted in many mix-ups and losses until the International Chamber of Commerce set down “Incoterms”, which is a set of 13 terms, referred as

1. EX-Works
2. FOB (Free On Board)
3. FCA (Free Carrier)
4. FAS (Free Alongside Ship)
5. CFR (Cost and Freight)
6. CIF (Cost, Insurance & Freight)
7. CPT (Carriage Paid to)
8. CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid to)
9. DAF (Delivered at Frontier)
10. DES (Delivered Ex Ship)
11. DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay)
12. DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid)
13. DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)

Businesses can choose any of these 13 terms according to their own needs and requirements. For example, "Ex-works" inflict the minimum liability for seller; on the other hand "Delivered Duty Paid" makes it obligatory for the seller to arrange for almost everything including export duty expenses, loading and unloading expenses, landing charges, transportation, insurance and custom clearance. Incoterms are not applicable to all aspects of trade, however they do standardize most of the terms used in international trade. For example, they spell out the terms of delivery in detail, and establish the responsibilities for buyers and sellers as to who will bear the expenses of insurance, clearance or various other taxes. Another important implication of "Incoterms" is the reduction (or removal) of uncertainty about the transfer of risk.

As an exporter or importer, you need to spend some time on understanding each of these 13 "Incoterms" and their explanations given on the official website of "International Chamber of Commerce". Each of them is an agreement in essence, with predetermined terms and condition, for that reason each of them has got different advantages and disadvantages. After a careful study, maybe you can underline the best ones and then stress on using that particular Incoterms when getting into an agreement with some buyer or seller. Incoterms are acknowledged all over the world (by courts, governments, etc); therefore a good comprehension of all of these terms is a must for all international exporters. Remember, ICC keep making minor changes (not very often though), it's important to keep a track of these modifications.

Source:
UK Wholesalers