Full service wholesalers vs. Limited-function wholesalers

A wholesaler purchases directly from manufacturers, in large quantities and then sells the products to retailer, who then sells them to consumer. The difference between a wholesaler and retailer in this transaction is the nature of the customer they are selling to. A wholesaler is selling to another business for reselling purposes, while the retailer will be selling to the consumer, who is buying that product for his/her personal usage. Remember, this is just a general description of wholesaler and there can be some variations. For example, a wholesaler doesn’t always sell to a retailer, or sometimes a business listed as a retailer can act as a wholesaler when it sells a large quantity of products to another business for commercial use, and still this transaction will be regarded as a wholesale deal.

Full Service wholesalers:
As the name suggest, full service wholesalers offer a complete range of wholesaling services to their clients. These services are
Buying & Selling:
This is the very basic of wholesaler’s functions, buying directly from manufacturers in bulk and then selling it to the customers in smaller quantities, which suits both, the producers and the customers.
Providing storage facilities:
As stated above, wholesalers buy in large quantities, but they can not sell out these products right away, because the customers do not have the space to store these products. Hence, wholesalers take up the task to preserve these products in their warehouses.
Freight & Transport Services:
Again, buying in bulk and then storing the inventory at some place near to the consumer markets can reduce the cost of transportation; it also ensures a speedy delivery of the product on timely basis.
Expertise of Market:
Interaction with both producers and buyers allows them to understand the demands and limitations of both parties; in most cases they understand the market better than the producer, mainly because of their experience.
Apart from these, a full service wholesaler may also indulge in marketing the products, conducting surveys, and even providing after sales customer service.

Limited Service Wholesalers:
We are living in an era where the focus is shifting towards specialization from businesses that fall in jack-of-all-trade category. A business that specializes in any of the above mentioned services can provide much better service at much lower cost than any of the full service wholesaler. Another reason behind the rise of limited service wholesalers (e.g. drop shippers) is more and more people looking to start their own businesses. Since these individuals do not have financial or other resources to start as a full fledge wholesaler, they prefer offering limited services according to their expertise.

Which business structure is best for your small business?

There are basically three types of business structures (or forms of ownerships) to start with, and if you are looking to commence a business, you need to study all of them in detail as they are not just different methods to manage a business. Business structure actually plays an important role in many ways. For example, cost of starting and then maintaining a business varies with different structures; then you have this very important objective of minimizing tax payable, another decisive perspective can be the liability factor. You can change the structure in future (e.g. getting into a partnership from operating as a sole proprietor) but it's better to start from the right one, instead of going through the change process later on.

Sole Proprietorship:
The most basic form of small business, where one man starts, manages and owns a business. There's no or minimum start up costs involved, you are the sole possessor of your business and all its assets. However, this sole ownership comes with unlimited liability, which means even your personal assets are at risk in case something goes wrong and a suit is filed against your business. As a sole proprietor, you are responsible to pay income tax on your profits. Apart from the unlimited liability part, sole proprietorship is the most convenient way to start a small business, for example consultancy services, real estate agent, retail store, etc.

Partnership or Joint Venture:
Another very simple form of business structure is known as partnership; in which two or more persons join hands to establish and manage the business. Profit, loss and liabilities are equally divided between all partners (or as per the agreement). Taxation liabilities are same as sole proprietorship, as partners are required to pay taxes on their share of profits, in individual capacity. Just like sole proprietorship, your personal assets are not protected as each partner carries unlimited liability (unless some of them are mentioned as limited partners in the agreement). Partnership can also result in some disputes or personality clashes if all members are fixed at running the business in their own way. Partnership helps two or more people to combine their finances and expertise to form a more competitive business when compared to sole proprietorship.

Limited Liability Company:
Limited Liability Company has characteristics of multiple business structures; it offers tax advantage similar to partnership, while precluding the unlimited liability. Limited Liability Company functions like corporations except that they are not required to offer company shares in stock exchange. Even though the cost of maintenance or establishing a Limited Liability Company is higher than partnerships or sole proprietorships, many smart entrepreneurs still prefer this business structure just because of limited liability clause.

Source:
Wholesale